Międzynarodowe organizacje ekonomiczne.

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group) utworzona - 6 June 1975 cel - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU członkowie - (77) African Development Bank (AfDB) note - also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) utworzona - 4 August 1963 cel - to promote economic and social development regionalni członkowie - (53) zewnętrzni członkowie - (24) Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT) note - formerly Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation utworzona - 20 March 1970; name changed 1996 cel - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries członkowie - (51) Albania, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, France, French Community of Belgium, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, New Brunswick (Canada), Niger, Quebec (Canada), Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam observers - (4) Czech Republic, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) utworzona - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974 cel - to promote economic development członkowie - (17) Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) utworzona - 16 February 1989 cel - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market członkowie - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) utworzona - 16 May 1968 cel - to promote economic and social development członkowie - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Arab League (AL) note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS) utworzona - 22 March 1945 cel - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation członkowie - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) utworzona - 17 February 1989 cel - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa członkowie - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) utworzona - 27 April 1976; effective - 2 February 1977 cel - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs członkowie - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) utworzona - 7 November 1989 cel - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin członkowie - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, Pacific Islands Forum Asian Development Bank (AsDB) utworzona - 19 December 1966 cel - to promote regional economic cooperation regionalni członkowie - (43) zewnetrzni członkowie - (16) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) utworzona - 8 August 1967 cel - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia członkowie - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam associate member - (1) Papua New Guinea dialogue partners - (12) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, NZ, Russia, US, UNDP ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) utworzona 1994 cel - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern członkowie - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam dialogue partners - (13) Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Russia, US Australia Group utworzona - 1984 cel - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons członkowie - (34) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US Bank for International Settlements (BIS) utworzona - 20 January 1930; effective - 17 March 1930 cel - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements członkowie - (50) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Central Bank, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Serbia and Montenegro Benelux Economic Union (Benelux) note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg utworzona - 3 February 1958; effective - 1 November 1960 cel - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration członkowie - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands Big Seven note - członkowiehip is the same as the Group of 7 utworzona - NA 1975 cel - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies członkowie - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US Big Six note - not to be confused with the Group of 6 utworzona - 1967 cel - to foster economic cooperation członkowie - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) utworzona - 25 June 1992 cel - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation członkowie - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine observers - (7) Austria, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Tunisia Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom) utworzona - 4 July 1973; effective - 1 August 1973 cel - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries członkowie - (15) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago; note - when Haiti has deposited an appropriate instrument of accession with the Secretary General, it will become a full member of the Community associate członkowie - (3) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands observers - (10) Aruba, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) utworzona - 18 October 1969; effective - 26 January 1970 cel - to promote economic development and cooperation regionalni członkowie - (20) zewnetrzni członkowie - (5) Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) see Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale utworzona - 3 December 1975 cel - to provide loans for economic development członkowie - (11) Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico utworzona - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement; 31 May 1961 began operations cel - to promote economic integration and development członkowie - (5) zewnętrzni członkowie - (4) Central American Common Market (CACM) utworzona - 13 December 1960, collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991 cel - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market członkowie - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua; note - Panama, although not a member, pursues full regional cooperation Central European Initiative (CEI) note - evolved from the Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal Initiative utworzona - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July 1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, NA July 1992 present name adopted cel - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas członkowie - (17) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Serbia and Montenegro Colombo Plan (CP) utworzona - May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1 July 1951 commenced full operations cel - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific członkowie - (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US provisional member - (1) Mongolia Commonwealth (C) note - also known as Commonwealth of Nations utworzona - 31 December 1931 cel - to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire członkowie - (54) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) utworzona - 8 December 1991; effective - 21 December 1991 cel - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR członkowie - (12) Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM) utworzona in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; członkowie were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; abolished 31 March 1994. Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) utworzona - 3 June 1957; effective - 30 May 1964 cel - to promote economic integration among Arab nations członkowie - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization Council of Europe (CE) utworzona - 5 May 1949; effective - 3 August 1949 cel - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe członkowie - (43) guests - (2) observers - (6) Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) utworzona - 6 March 1992 cel - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication członkowie - (12) Denmark, Estonia, EC, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden Council of the Entente (Entente) utworzona - 29 May 1959 cel - to promote economic, social, and political coordination członkowie - (5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) note - also known as World Customs Organization (WCO) utworzona - 15 December 1950 cel - to promote international cooperation in customs matters członkowie - (157) East African Development Bank (EADB) utworzona - 6 June 1967; effective - 1 December 1967 cel - to promote economic development członkowie - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) utworzona - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 cel - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 9 functional commissions (Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Commission on Population and Development, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, and Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice) członkowie - (54) Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs utworzona - 20 September 1976 cel - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration członkowie - (3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) utworzona - 28 May 1975 cel - to promote regional economic cooperation członkowie - (15) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) utworzona - 27-29 January 1985 cel - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development członkowie - (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan associate member - (1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) utworzona - 8-9 January 1990 (proposals made); 15 April 1991 (bank inaugurated) cel - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization członkowie - (61) European Community (or European Communities, EC) utworzona 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK European Free Trade Association (EFTA) utworzona - 4 January 1960; effective - 3 May 1960 cel - to promote expansion of free trade członkowie - (4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland European Investment Bank (EIB) utworzona - 25 March 1957; effective - 1 January 1958 cel - to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors, the EEC and the EC członkowie - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK European Monetary Union (EMU) note - an integral part of the European Union; also known as the European Economic and Monetary Union proposed - 1-2 December 1969 at summit conference of heads of government; signed - 7 February 1992 - Maastricht Treaty cel - to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the euro; time table - 2 May 1998: European exchange rates fixed for 1 January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock exchanges begin using euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into circulation; 1 July 2002 local currencies no longer accepted członkowie - (12) Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; note - Denmark, Sweden, and UK decided not to join European Union (EU) note - evolved from the European Community (EC) utworzona - 7 February 1992; effective - 1 November 1993 cel - to coordinate policy among the 15 członkowie in three fields: economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts to establish a common market and eventually a common currency to be called the 'euro', which superseded the EU's accounting unit, the ECU; defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration, drugs, terrorism, and improved living and working conditions członkowie - (15) członkowiehip applicants - (13) First World another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) utworzona - 16 October 1945 cel - to raise living standards and increase availability of agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency członkowie - (184) Four Dragons the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced economies" group Franc Zone (FZ) note - also known as Conference des Ministres des Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc utworzona - NA 1964 cel - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc członkowie - (16) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) see the World Trade Organization (WTrO) Group of 2 (G-2) informal term that came into use about 1986; to facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants; członkowie were Japan, US Group of 3 (G-3) utworzona - NA September 1990 cel - mechanism for policy coordination członkowie - (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela Group of 5 (G-5) utworzona - 22 September 1985 cel - to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist economic powers członkowie - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US Group of 6 (G-6) note - also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement; not to be confused with the Big Six utworzona - 22 May 1984 cel - to achieve nuclear disarmament członkowie - (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania Group of 7 (G-7) note - członkowiehip is the same as the Big Seven utworzona - 22 September 1985 cel - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major noncommunist economic powers członkowie - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy Group of 8 (G-8) utworzona - NA October 1975 cel - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977 członkowie - (9) Canada, EU (as one member), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US Group of 9 (G-9) utworzona - NA cel - to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis członkowie - (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden Group of 10 (G-10) note - also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest członkowie of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984 utworzona - October 1962 cel - to coordinate credit policy członkowie - (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US nonstate participants - (4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD Group of 11 (G-11) note - also known as the Cartagena Group; utworzona in 21-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia; cel was to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America; członkowie were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Group of 15 (G-15) note - byproduct of the Nonaligned Movement utworzona September 1989 cel - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Nonaligned Movement członkowie - (16) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, Zimbabwe Group of 24 (G-24) utworzona - 1 August 1989 cel - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF członkowie - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Group of 77 (G-77) utworzona - 15 June 1964 was set up; NA October 1967 first ministerial meeting cel - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name persists in spite of increased członkowiehip członkowie - (131 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) note - also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf utworzona - 25 May 1981 cel - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs członkowie - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE high-income countries another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita GDPs; see developed countries (DCs) Indian Ocean Commission (InOC) utworzona - 21 December 1982 cel - to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors, especially economic członkowie - (5) Comoros, France (for Reunion), Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles industrial countries another term for the developed countries; see developed countries (DCs) Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) note - also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) utworzona - 8 April 1959; effective - 30 December 1959 cel - to promote economic and social development in Latin America członkowie - (46) Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) note - formerly known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) utworzona - 15-16 January 1986 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development; revitalized - 21 March 1996 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development cel - to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its członkowie członkowie - (7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) note - also known as the World Bank utworzona - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945 cel - to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency członkowie - (184) International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) utworzona - 1919 cel - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels członkowie - (80 national committees) International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) utworzona - December 1949 cel - to promote the trade union movement członkowie - (225 affiliated organizations in the following 148 countries) International Development Association (IDA) utworzona - 26 January 1960; effective - 24 September 1960 cel - UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic loans for low-income countries członkowie - (163) International Finance Corporation (IFC) utworzona - 25 May 1955; effective - 24 July 1956 cel - to support private enterprise in international economic development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate członkowie - (175) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) utworzona - November 1974 cel - to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency członkowie - (162) International Monetary Fund (IMF) utworzona - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945 cel - to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a UN specialized agency członkowie - (184) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) utworzona - February 1947 cel - to promote the development of international standards with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity członkowie - (93 national standards organizations) Islamic Development Bank (IDB) utworzona - 15 December 1973 by declaration of intent; effective - 12 August 1974 cel - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development członkowie - (52 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Latin American Economic System (LAES) note - also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA) utworzona - 17 October 1975 cel - to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation członkowie - (28) Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) note - also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) utworzona - 12 August 1980; effective - 18 March 1981 cel - to promote freer regional trade członkowie - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (23) China, Commission of the European Communities, Corporacion Andina de Fomento, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Italy, Latin America Economic System, Nicaragua, Organization of American States, Panama, Panamerican Health Organization, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) note was formerly the Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) utworzona - 8 December 1964; effective - 1 January 1966 cel - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market członkowie - (7) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe Near Abroad Russian term for the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security interest; the 14 countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan new independent states (NIS) a term referring to all those countries of the FSU except the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) newly industrializing countries (NICs) former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) newly industrializing economies (NIEs) that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil Nordic Council (NC) utworzona - 16 March 1952; effective - 12 February 1953 cel - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation członkowie - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden observers - (3) the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) utworzona - 4 December 1975; effective - 1 June 1976 cel - to promote economic cooperation and development członkowie - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) utworzona - 14 December 1960; effective - 30 September 1961 cel - to promote economic cooperation and development członkowie - (30) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US special member - (1) EU Organization of African Unity (OAU) utworzona - 25 May 1963 cel - to promote unity and cooperation among African states członkowie - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Organization of American States (OAS) utworzona - 14 April 1890 as the International Union of American Republics; 30 April 1948 adopted present charter; effective - 13 December 1951 cel - to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development członkowie - (35) obserwatorzy - (51) Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) utworzona - 9 January 1968 cel - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry członkowie - (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) utworzona - 18 June 1981; effective - 4 July 1981 cel - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation członkowie - (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines associate członkowie - (2) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) utworzona - 14 September 1960 cel - to coordinate petroleum policies członkowie - (11) Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) utworzona - 22-25 September 1969 cel - to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs członkowie - (56 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (3) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, Thailand South Pacific Commission (SPC) note - formerly known as the South Pacific Commission (SPC) utworzona - 6 February 1947; effective - 29 July 1948 cel - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters członkowie - (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Pacific Island Forum  note - used to the South Pacific Forum (SPF) utworzona - 5 August 1971 cel - to promote regional cooperation in political matters członkowie - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu observer - (1) New Caledonia Paris Club utworzona - 1956 cel - to provide a forum for debtor countries to negotiate rescheduling of debt service payments or loans extended by governments or official agencies of participating countries; to help restore normal trade and project finance to debtor countries członkowie - (19) Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US Rio Group (RG) note - formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho,established in December 1986; composed of the Contadora Group and the Lima Group utworzona - NA 1988 cel - to consult on regional Latin American issues członkowie - (19) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) utworzona - 8 December 1985 cel - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation członkowie - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka South Pacific Forum (SPF) note - see Pacific Island Forum South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (Sparteca) utworzona - 1981 cel - to redress unequal trade relationships of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in the Pacific region członkowie - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu Southern African Customs Union (SACU) utworzona - 11 December 1969 cel - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters członkowie - (5) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland Southern African Development Community (SADC) note - evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) utworzona - 17 August 1992 cel - to promote regional economic development and integration członkowie - (14) Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) or Southern Common Market note - also known as Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur) utworzona - 26 March 1991 cel - to increase regional economic cooperation członkowie - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay associate member - (2) Bolivia, Chile United Nations (UN) utworzona - 26 June 1945; effective - 24 October 1945 cel - to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems constituent organizations - the UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate agencies and bodies as follows: 1) Secretariat 2) General Assembly 3) Security Council 5) Trusteeship Council (inactive; no trusteeships at this time) 6) International Court of Justice (ICJ) UN członkowie - (189) obserwatorzy - (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) utworzona - 30 December 1964 cel - to promote international trade członkowie - (191) all UN członkowie plus Holy See, Switzerland United Nations Development Program (UNDP) utworzona - 22 November 1965 cel - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development członkowie (executive board) - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) utworzona - 17 November 1966; effective - 1 January 1967 cel - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the członkowie członkowie - (169) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) utworzona - 11 December 1963 adoption of the resolution establishing the Institute; effective - 24 March 1965 cel - to help the UN become more effective through training and research członkowie (Board of Trustees) - (20) Austria, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Ghana, Ireland, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, US; note - the UN Secretary General can appoint up to 30 członkowie United Nations University (UNU) utworzona - 3 December 1973 cel - to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars członkowie - (24 członkowie of UNU Council and the Rector are appointed by the Secretary General of the United Nations and the Director General of UNESCO) Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD) West African Development Bank (WADB) note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD); is a financial institution of WAEMU utworzona - 14 November 1973 cel - to promote regional economic development and integration regionalni członkowie - (9) zewnętrzni członkowie - (5) Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) note - also known as Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) utworzona - 1 August 1994 cel - to increase competitiveness of członkowie' economic markets; to create a common market członkowie - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo Western European Union (WEU) utworzona - 23 October 1954; effective - 6 May 1955 cel - to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification członkowie - (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK associate członkowie - (6) Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Turkey associate partners - (7) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia observers - (5) Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden World Bank Group includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) utworzona - 3 October 1945 cel - to promote the trade union movement członkowie - (125 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) World Food Program (WFP) utworzona - 24 November 1961 cel - to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization członkowie - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) utworzona - 14 July 1967; effective - 26 April 1970 cel - to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific works; a UN specialized agency członkowie - (178) World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) utworzona - w 1970 roku. cel - to support the establishment and successful operation of individual World Trade Centers as part of a worldwide alliance of World Trade Centers, which enhances stability, peace, world trade and development, leading to economic growth. The World Trade Center Warsaw is a member of the WTC Association since 1994 and of the World Trade Point Federation since 2000. WTCW more... członkowie - WTCA membership includes nearly 300 WTCs in almost 100 countries. Over 750,000 companies are affiliated with WTCA members worldwide. World Trade Organization (WTrO) note - succeeded General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) utworzona - 15 April 1994; effective - 1 January 1995 cel - to provide a means to resolve trade conflicts between członkowie and to carry on negotiations with the goal of further lowering and/or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers członkowie - (144) Zangger Committee (ZC) utworzona - early 1970s cel - to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) członkowie - (35)